National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. 2009. Climate Forward: Report on the NRTEE?s 20th Anniversary Forum: Securing Canada?s Future in a Climate-Changing World A Next Step Policy Agenda for Canada. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada. Retrieved July 10, 2009, from http://www.nrtee-trnee.ca/eng/news-media/ events/other/20th-anniversary/climate-forward/climate-forward-eng.pdf.

Office of the Auditor General of Canada. 2006. Chapter 2?Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change. In the 2006 September Report of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development. Ottawa, ON: Office of the Auditor General of Canada. Retrieved April 3, 2009, from http://www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/internet/docs/c20060902ce.pdf.

Repetto, R. 2008. The Climate Crisis and the Adaptation Myth. New Haven, CT: Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. Retrieved August 20, 2009, from http://environment.research.yale.edu/documents/downloads/v-z/ WorkingPaper13.pdf.

Schipper, E.L. and I. Burton. 2009. The Earthscan Reader on Adaptation to Climate Change. London, UK: Earthscan.

Smit, B. and O. Pilosova. 2001. Adaptation to Climate Change in the Context of Sustainable Development and Equity. In Climate change 2001: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability, ed. J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canzianni, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken, and K.S. White, 877?912. Contribution of Working Group II to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Smit, B., I. Burton, R.F.T. Klein, and J. Wandel. 2000. An anatomy of adaptation to climate change and variability. Climatic Change. 45:223?251.

Stern, N. 2006. Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change. London, UK: HM Treasury.

Stephenson, J. 2009. Climate Change: Observations on Federal Efforts to Adapt to a Changing Climate - Testimony before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment. Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Accountability Office. Retrieved August 20, 2009, from http:// www.gao.gov/new.items/d09534t.pdf.

Chapter 2

Angus, D.W., and G. Mitchell. 2009. With Respect, Canada?s North: Sixth Report of the Standing Committee on Energy, the Environment and Natural Resources. Ottawa, ON: The Senate. Retrieved August 20, 2009, from http://www.parl. gc.ca/40/2/parlbus/commbus/senate/Com-e/enrg-e/rep-e/rep06may09-e.pdf.

Anisimov, O.A., D.G. Vaughan, T.V. Callaghan, C. Furgal, H. Marchant, T.D. Prowse, H. Vilhjlmsson, and J.E. Walsh. 2007. Polar Regions (Arctic and Antarctic). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed. M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, 653?685. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Archives Canada. 2009. The Alaska Highway: A Yukon Perspective. Archives Canada, Heritage Canada, and Yukon Tourism and Culture. Retrieved August 20, 2009, from http://www.alaskahighwayarchives.ca./en/index.php.

Arctic Council. 2009. Melting Ice: Regional Dramas, Global Wake-up Call. Co-chair?s Summary, Troms, April 28, 2009.

Brklacich, M. and M. Woodrow. 2007. A Comparative Assessment of the Capacity of Canadian Rural Resource-based Communities to Adapt to Uncertain Futures. Ottawa, ON: Carleton University. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from
http:// adaptation.nrcan.gc.ca/projdb/pdf/169b_e.pdf.

Brooks, N., W.N. Adger, and P.M. Kelly. 2005. The Determinants of Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity at the National Level and the Implications for Adaptation. Global Environmental Change, 15(2005), 151?163.

Cassano, J.J., P. Uotila, and A.H. Lynch, 2006. Changes in Synoptic Weather Patterns in the Polar Regions in the 20th and 21st centuries, Part 1: Arctic. International Journal of Climatology, vol. 26, no8, pp. 1027?1049.

The Council of the Federation. 2007. A Shared Vision for Energy in Canada. Ottawa, ON: The Council of the Federation. Retrieved May 15, 2009, from http://www.councilofthefederation.ca/energy.html.

Furgal, C. and T.D. Prowse. 2008. Northern Canada. In From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate 2007, ed. D.S. Lemmen, F.J. Warren, J. Lacroix, and E. Bush, 57?118. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.

Goff, S.P., H. Falck, and D. Irwin. 2008. 2008 Northwest Territories Mineral Exploration Overview. Yellowknife, NT: Northwest Territories Geoscience Office. Retrieved April 13, 2009, from
http://www.nwtgeoscie nce.ca/forum/ pdf/2008/NWT_Exploration_Overview_2008.pdf.

Government of Canada. n.d. Factsheet on an Integrated Northern Strategy. Accessed March 3, 2009, from http:// www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ai/mr/is/n-strat-eng.asp.

Government of Canada. 2009. Canada?s Northern Strategy. (2009). Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada. Retrieved August 10, 2009, from http://www.northernstrategy.gc.ca/.

Griffiths, F. 2009. Towards a Canadian Arctic Strategy. Foreign Policy for Canada?s Tomorrow: Arctic Sovereignty and Security. Toronto, ON: Canadian International Council. May 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2009, from
http://www. canadianinternationalcouncil.org/research/foreignpol/towardsaca~2.

Hakkinen, S., A. Proshutinsky, and I. Ashik. 2008. Sea Ice Drift in the Arctic since the 1950s. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L19704.

Hansen, J., L. Nazarenko, R. Ruedy, M. Sato, J. Willis, A. Del Genio, D. Koch, A. Lacis, K. Lo, S. Menon, T. Novakov, J. Perlwitz, G. Russell, G. Schmidt, and N. Tausnev. 2004. Earth?s Energy Imbalance: Confirmation and Implications. Science. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/sci;308/5727/1431.

Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. 2007. General Briefing Note on the Comprehensive Land Claims Policy of Canada and the Status of Claims. Ottawa, ON: Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. Retrieved March 3, 2009, from
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. An Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved April 1, 2009, from http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr.pdf.

Lawrence, D. M., A.G. Slater, R.A. Tomas, M.M. Holland, and C. Deser. (2008). Accelerated Arctic Land Warming and Permafrost Degradation during Rapid Sea Ice Loss. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L11506.

Leichenko, R. and K. O?Brien. 2009. Mapping Double Exposure to Climate Change and Trade Liberalization as an Awareness-Raising Tool. In The Earthscan Reader on Adaptation to Climate Change, ed. E.L. Schipper and I. Burton, 133?146. London, UK: Earthscan.

Lemmen, D.L. and F.J. Warren. 2004. Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation: A Canadian Perspective. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada. Retrieved April 1, 2009, from http://adaptation.nrcan.gc.ca/perspective/index_e.php.

Lemmen, D.S., F.J. Warren, J. Lacroix, and E. Bush, eds. 2008. From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate 2007. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.

Lenton, T. M., H. Held, E. Kriegler, J.W. Hall, W. Lucht, S. Rahmstorf, and S.J. Schellnhuber. 2008. Tipping elements in the Earth?s climate system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105(6), 1786?1793.

Library of Parliament. 2008. The Arctic: Hydrocarbon Resources. Parliamentary Information and Research Service, Publication PRB 08-07E, October 24, 2008. Ottawa, ON: Library of Parliament. Retrieved on April 22, 2009, from http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0807-e.pdf.

Mayer, N. and W. Avis, eds. 1998. The Canada Country Study: Climate Impacts and Adaptation. Toronto, ON: Environment Canada.

McBean, G., G. Alekseev, D. Chen, E. Frland, J. Fyfe, P.Y. Groisman, R. King, H. Melling, R. Vose, and P.H. Whitfield. 2005. Arctic Climate: Past and Present. In Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, 22?60. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Northern Canada Consulting (2007). Adapting to Climate Change in Northern Canada: The Role of Government. Report commissioned by the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy.

Richardson, K., W. Steffen, H.J. Schellnhuber, J. Alcamo, T. Barker, D.M. Kammen, R. Leemans, D. Liverman, M. Munasinghe, B. Osman-Elasha, N. Stern, and O. Weaver. 2009. Synthesis Report?Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges & Decisions. Synthesis report of the conference in Copenhagen, 10?12 March, 2009. Retrieved June 30, 2009, from http://www.climatecongress.ku.dk.

Sguin, J. 2008. Human Health in a Changing Climate: A Canadian Assessment of Vulnerabilities and Adaptive Capacity. Ottawa, ON: Health Canada.

Stamboulis, Y. and P. Skayannis. 2003. Innovation strategies and technology for experience-based tourism. Tourism Management 24(1), 35?43.

Statistics Canada. 2002. The Health of Canada?s Communities. Catalogue 82-003. Health Reports, 13 (Supplement). Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada.

Statistics Canada. 2006. Mortality, Summary List of Causes, 2003. Health Statistics Division. Catalogue no. 84F0209XIE. Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada.

World Meteorological Organization. 2009. The State of Polar Research: A Statement from the International Council for Science/ World Meteorological Organization Joint Committee for the International Polar Year 2007?2008. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved June 24, 2009, from http://www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/ press_releases/documents/IPY_StateofPolarResearch_EN_web.pdf.

Yukon Government, Government of Northwest Territories, Government of Nunavut. 2007. A Northern Vision: A Stronger North and a Better Canada. Retrieved March 31, 2009, from http://www.anorthernvision.ca/.

Chapter 3

Auld, H. and D. MacIver. 2005. Cities and Communities: The Changing Climate and Increasing Vulnerability of Infrastructure. Adaptation and Impacts Research Group, Meteorological Services of Canada, Environment Canada. Occasional Paper #3. Downsview, ON: Environment Canada

Bourque, A. and Simonet, G. 2008. Quebec, in From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate 2007, ed. D.S. Lemmen, F.J. Warren, J. Lacroix and E. Bush. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.

Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency. 2003. Incorporating Climate Change Considerations in Environmental Assessment: General Guidance for Practitioners. Published by the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Climate Change and Environmental Assessment, November 2003.

The Council of the Federation. 2007. A Shared Vision for Energy in Canada. Energy Transmission and Transportation. Ottawa, ON: The Council of the Federation. Retrieved May 15, 2009, from http://www.councilofthefederation.ca/ energy.html.

Couture, R., S.D. Robinson, and M.M. Burgess. 2000. Climate Change, Permafrost Degradation and Infrastructure Adaptation: Preliminary Results from a Pilot Community Study in Mackenzie Valley. Ottawa, ON: Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada.

Canadian Council of Professional Engineers. 2008. Adapting to Climate Change: Canada?s First National Engineering Vulnerability Assessment of Public Infrastructure. Ottawa, ON: Engineers Canada. Retrieved August 20, 2009, from http://pievc.com/e/Adapting_to_climate_Change_Report_Final.pdf.

Furgal, C. and T.D. Prowse. 2008. Northern Canada. In From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate 2007 ed. D.S. Lemmen, F.J. Warren, J. Lacroix, and E. Bush, 57?118. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.

Holubec, I. 2007. Impact of Climate Change on Structures on Permafrost. Presentation at the 2007 Project Management Conference in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, November 27?29, 2007.

Holubec, I. 2008. Flat Loop Thermosyphon Foundations in Warm Permafrost. Prepared for the Government of the Northwest Territories Asset Management Division of Public Works and Services and the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers.

Government of Nunavut. 2003. Nunavut Climate Change Strategy. Iqaluit, NU: Government of Nunavut.

Government of Nunavut. 2004. Nunavut Ten-Year Inuit Housing Action Plan: A Proposal to the Government of Canada by the Government of Nunavut (The Nunavut Housing Corporation) and Nunavut Tunnagavik Inc. Iqaluit, NU: Government of Nunavut. Retrieved August 20, 2009, from http://www.nunavuthousing.ca/i18n/english/ PDF/10YearHousing%20Plan_Eng.pdf.

Governments of Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. 2008. Northern Connections: A Multi-Modal Transportation Blueprint for the North. February 2008. Retrieved April 23, 2009, from .

Infrastructure Canada. 2006. Adapting Infrastructure to Climate Change in Canada?s Cities and Communities. Research and Analysis Division, Ottawa, ON: Infrastructure Canada.

Kovacs, P., G. McBean, G. McGillivray, A. Ross, and, D. Sandink. 2008. Understanding the Significance of Insurance, Alternative Risk Spreading Mechanisms, and Related Public Policy for the Risk Management of Physical Infrastructure in the Face of Climate Change. Report commissioned by the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy.

Larsen, P., S. Goldsmith, B. Saylor, M. Wilson, O. Smith, K. Strzepek, and P. Chinowsky. 2007. Estimating Future Costs for Alaska Public Infrastructure at Risk from Climate Change. June 2007. Anchorage, Alaska: Institute of Social and Economic Research. Retrieved on April 28, 2009, from http://www.iser.uaa.alaska.edu/Publications/ JuneICICLE.pdf.

Lemmen, D.S., F.J. Warren, J. Lacroix, and E. Bush, eds. 2008. From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate 2007. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.

Northern Canada Consulting. 2007. Adapting to Climate Change in Northern Canada: The Role of Government. Report commissioned by the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy.

Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 2008. NWT Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Report. Yellowknife, NT: Government of the Northwest Territories. Retrieved August 20, 2009, from http://www.enr.gov.nt.ca/_live/documents/documentManagerUpload/
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Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. 2008. Economic Aspects of Adaptation to Climate Change: Costs, Benefits and Policy Instruments. Paris, France: OECD.

Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. 2009. Economic Aspects of Adaptation to Climate Change: Integrated Assessment Modelling of Adaptation Costs and Benefits. Environment Working Paper No. 6, March 24, 2009. Paris, France: OECD.

Page, R. 1986. Northern Development ? The Canadian Dilemma. Toronto, ON: McClelland and Stewart.

Sauchyn, D. and S. Kulshreshtha. 2008. Prairies, in From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate 2007, ed. D.S. Lemmen, F.J. Warren, J. Lacroix and E. Bush. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.

Steenhof, P. and M. Mortimer. 2008. The Role of Codes, Standards, and Related Instruments in Fostering Adaptation to Climate Change in Relation to Physical Infrastructure in Canada?s North. Report commissioned by the National Roundtable on the Environment and the Economy, March 2008.

Yukon Government. 2009. Yukon Government Climate Change Action Plan. February 2009.

Zhou, F., A. Zhang, R. Li, R. Hoeve, and A. Majid. 2007. Potential Climate Change-Induced Permafrost Degradation and Building Foundations: An Assessment of Impacts and Costs for Five Case Communities in the Northwest Territories. September 2007.

Chapter 4

Burton, I. 1996. The Growth of Adaptation Capacity: Practice and Policy. In Adapting to Climate Change: An International Perspective, ed. J.B. Smith, N. Bhatti, and G. Menhulin, Adapting to Climate Change: Assessments and Issues, Springer Verlag: Berlin and New York.

Burton, I. 2008. Moving Forward on Adaptation. In From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate 2007, ed. D.S. Lemmen, F.J. Warren, J. Lacroix and E. Bush, 425?440. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.

Conference Board of Canada. 2007. Operationalizing Adaptation to Climate Change. Briefing ? February 2007. Ottawa, ON: Conference Board of Canada.

Conference Board of Canada. 2008. Carbon Disclosure Project ? Report 2008 Canada 200. Ottawa, ON: Conference Board of Canada.

European Commission. 2009. Adapting to climate change: toward a European framework for action. White paper ? April 2009. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/adaptation/index_en.htm.

Ford, J. 2008. Emerging Trends in Climate Change Policy: The Role of Adaptation. In International Public Policy Review, 3(2), 5?16.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2001. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Working Group II Contribution to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Chapter 18: Adaptation to Climate Change in the Context of Sustainable Development and Equity, 877?912. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Intergovernmental Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Working Group 2005. National Climate Change Adaptation Framework.

Northern Canada Consulting. 2007. Adapting to Climate Change in Northern Canada: The Role of Government. Report commissioned by the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy.

Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. 2008. Economic Aspects of Adaptation to Climate Change ? Costs, Benefits and Policy Instruments. OECD: Paris.

Smithers, J. and B. Smit. 2009. Human Adaptation to Climatic Variability and Change. In The Earthscan Reader on Adaptation to Climate Change, ed. E.L. Schipper and I. Burton, 15?33. London, UK: Earthscan.

Sparling, E. and I. Burton. 2006. The Role of Government in Climate Change Adaptation. NRTEE Working Paper.

Stern, N. 2006. Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change. London, UK: HM Treasury.

Chapter 5

Canadian Council of Professional Engineers. 2008. Adapting to Climate Change: Canada?s First National Engineering Vulnerability Assessment of Public Infrastructure. Ottawa, ON: Engineers Canada. Retrieved August 20, 2009, from http://pievc.com/e/Adapting_to_climate_Change_Report_Final.pdf.

Canadian Standards Association. 2007. National Survey of Canada?s Infrastructure Engineers about Climate Change.

Council of Canadian Academies. 2008. Vision for the Canadian Arctic Research Initiative: Assessing the Opportunities. Report of the International Expert Panel on Science Priorities for the Canadian Arctic Research Initiative.

European Commission. 2009. Adapting to Climate Change: Toward a European Framework for Action. White paper ? April 2009. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/adaptation/index_en.htm.

Gartner Lee Ltd. 2008. Disaster Management and Climate Change Adaptation in the Canadian North ? Final Report. Report commissioned by the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. March 17, 2008.

Hallegatte, S. 2008. Adaptation to Climate Change: Do Not Count on Climate Scientists to Do Your Work. Reg-Markets Center, Centre International de Recherche sur l?Environment et le Dveloppement (CIRED). February 2008.

Informal Taskforce on climate change of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee and The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. 2008. Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies and Risk Management Practices: Critical Elements for Adaptation to Climate Change. Submission to the UNFCCC Adhoc Working Group on Long Term Cooperative Action. November 11, 2008. Retrieved April 30, 2009, from http://www.unisdr.org/eng/risk-reduction/climate-change/ docs/IASC-ISDR_paper_cc_and_DDR.pdf.

Kovacs, P. 2006. Hope for the Best and Prepare for the Worst: How Canada?s Insurers Stay a Step Ahead of Climate Change. Policy Options. December 2005/January 2006, 53?56.

Kovacs, P., G. McBean, G. McGillivray, A. Ross, and D. Sandink. 2008. Understanding the significance of insurance, alternative risk spreading mechanisms, and related public policy for the risk management of physical infrastructure in the face of climate change. Report commissioned by the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy: London, ON.

Lehmann, E. 2009. Insurance: State Regulators Repeatedly Clash on National Plan for Catastrophes. E&E reporter, April 17, 2009.

Lemmen, D.S., F.J. Warren, and J. Lacroix. 2008. Synthesis. In From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate 2007 ed. D.S. Lemmen, F.J. Warren, J. Lacroix, and E. Bush, 1?20. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.

National Academy of Sciences. 2009. Informing Decisions in a Changing Climate. Panel on Strategies and Methods for Climate-Related Decision Support, National Research Council: Washington, D.C.

Steenhof, P. and M. Mortimer. 2008. The Role of Codes, Standards, and Related Instruments in Fostering Adaptation to Climate Change in Relation to Physical Infrastructure in Canada?s North. Report commissioned by the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy.

Torys LLP. 2008. Legal Liability as a Driver of and Barrier to Climate Change Adaptation in Infrastructure Projects. Report commissioned by the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy.

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